当為
神話において、太古の昔に人間が男女の性を一人で持っていたとされるちょっと不気味な種族の名称です。
そのアンドロギュノスが印象的に語られているのが、プラトンの著書『饗宴（きょうえん）』です。
今回はアンドロギュノスの神話を紹介し、『饗宴（きょうえん）』に則しながら、恋（エロス）とは何かについて書きたいと思います。
もくじ
太古の昔、人は２人で一つだった
その昔、人間は現在のような姿とは少し違った形をしていました。
二人の人間が背中合わせにくっついたような円筒状の胴体をもつ姿。
顔は２つ、性器は２つ、手足は４本ずつ。
男男、女女、男女の組み合わせがあり、それによって３つの種族に分けられていました。
そのうち男女の組み合わせを持つのが、「アンドロギュノス」です。
人間たちは傲慢だったため、ゼウス激おこ。真っ二つにされてしまう。
この人間たちは、神々に対して非常に傲慢な態度を取っていました。
それに対し、人類と神々の双方の秩序を保っていた主神・ゼウスは激おこ。
人間の力を弱めるため、人間を真っ二つにしました。
切り離された人間たちは、片割れを探してさまようようになった
半身となった人間たちは、もともとの「完全な姿」に憧れ、
切り離された片割れを探してさまようことになりました。
男男の種族は互いに男を、
女女の種族は互いに女を、
男女の種族、アンドロギュノスは異性を求めました。
恋とは本来の姿を回復しようとすること
『饗宴』におけるアリストパネス（アリストファネス）のエロス論
以上のようなことから、恋（エロス）とは、本来の姿を回復しようとすることであるという意見が導き出されました。
恋とは、神々の怒りをかって半身になった我々人間が、もとの完全な姿に憧れて、片割れを求めることである、ということ。
➀ ギリシア語で恋、性愛。特にプラトン哲学では、真善美に対する憧れ。
➁ 恋・愛を司るギリシア神話の神の名前。
アリストパネス（アリストファネス）について。
ちなみにこの意見をプラトンの著書『饗宴』で述べたのはアリストパネス（アリストファネス）です。
古代ギリシアの喜劇作家。
彼はソクラテスをソフィストに含め、揶揄する作品『雲』も制作しています。
実際にその作品の公演をソクラテス自身が観に行ったとかいないとか…
古代ギリシア・アテナイで法廷弁論を教えることを職業とした人々。
ものに対する価値観は人それぞれであるという価値の相対性を説いた。
スポンサーリンク
恋とは永遠不滅の存在を目指すこと。
ソクラテスの反論。
さて、恋とは本来の姿を取り戻すこととした、アリストパネス（アリストファネス）の意見にソクラテスが反論をするならこうでしょう。
「かつての自分が悪だったらどうなの？善いものしか恋（愛）することはできないのでは？」
例えば、いくら自分の腕でも、それが腐っていたら切り落としたくなりませんか？
つまり「自分の本来の姿」であるから恋する、愛するというわけではないのでは？というのがソクラテスの意見なのです。
『饗宴』におけるソクラテス（プラトン、ディオティマ）のエロス論。
ソクラテスは『饗宴』の作中において、預言者で巫女であるディオティマに「恋とは何か？」と聞いた時の話を元に、恋について語ります。
その話によると、恋心と性愛を司るエロスは、
富める神ポロスと貧困の神ペニアの子供です。
したがって、貧困でもなく富んでもいない、知者でもなければ無知でもない、中間的な存在「中間者」なのです。
この中間者の立場こそ、人間の置かれている立場なのです。
例えば、無知の知でも言われているように、ある程度の知識がなければ、自分が無知だということは知りえないため、さらに知への憧れを抱くことはできません。
それと同様に、ある程度の存在、つまり中間者でなければ、神のような存在に憧れることもないのです。
そのような中間者が、永遠不滅を求めて何かを残そうとすること。
つまり、永遠不滅に近づきたいということこそ、恋であるとソクラテスは言います。
恋や愛に関して言えば、自分の子孫を絶やさないことなどで永遠に近づくことになります。
このようにして、永遠不滅を求めて人間たちは恋をするのです。
まとめ
プラトン『饗宴』の作中で、アリストパネス（アリストファネス）は、恋とは本来の姿を取り戻すことであると主張。
それに対しソクラテスは、必ずしも「自分の本来の姿」であるから恋する、愛するというわけではないと反論。
ソクラテスはディオティマの話を取り上げながら、恋とは永遠不滅に近づくことであると語る。
最後に
プラトン『饗宴（きょうえん）』は、悲劇作家アガトンのコンクール優勝のお祝い会で、恋について1人ずつ演説をしていくというお話です。
当時ギリシアでは当たり前であった少年愛について書かれてるため、作中ではもう少し男同士の恋色が強めの内容となっています。
恋について話し合いますが、本書後半にソクラテスとそんな関係になりたかったアルキビアデスが酔って乱入し、宴会は大混乱。
この記事ではかなりいろいろなことを省きましたが、本書ではさらにいろいろな要素が混じり合いつつも、対話篇であることから非常に読みやすいお話になっています。
当為
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